1、激光加工原理
激光加工的原理和凸透镜汇聚太阳光引燃火柴的原理基本上是一样的。由激光
发出的激光经过一系列的处理，经透镜聚焦后将能量高度集中在一个很小的范围，如果被加工的材料对该激光的吸收较好，那么被照射区域的材料就会因为吸收了激光的能量而迅速升温。根据材料性质的不同（如熔点、沸点、产生化学变化的温度），工件将会发生一系列的物理或化学变化，比如融化、气化、生成氧化物、变色等等。这就是激光加工的原理。

1.The working principles of laser processing
The principle of laser processing is quite similar to that of burning a match with a convex under the sun. Laser beams is focused in an extremely small range after a series of processes. If the working material has a good absorption for laser, the irradiated area will clime to a very high temperature because of the absorption of laser. According to different feature of the material (such as melting point, boiling point, and the temperature for chemistry changes,) the working piece will turn into a series of chemistry or physical changes, such as thawing, gasifying, turning in to oxide or changing of the color. These are the principles of laser processing.

2 激光设备的主要构造
激光设备主要分为：主控箱、激光电源、声光Q开关系统（CO2机特殊）、计算机控制系统、光学系统、冷却系统、工作台。
    A laser machine is mainly consisted by a main control box, a laser power source, a Q switch (CO2 laser machine is a bit different), a computer controlling system, an optical part, chilling system and the worktable. 
1）主控箱 Main Control Box
主控箱控制整台设备的运行，包括对激光电源、声光Q开关驱动器，X、Y振镜驱动器、冷却系统的供电及控制，报警系统的控制及指示。
    The main control box controls the whole system including the laser power source, Q switch driver, the X and Y scanning driver, power supply of the cooling system as well as the instruction from the alarm system.

2）激光电源 Laser Power Source
打标机采用连续激光电源。该电源有完善的保护功能，电源还带有外控接口，可执行冷却水低压保护和冷却水过温保护。
The laser marker uses a continuous power source. This type of power source has a very profound protecting function as well as an introvert control interface for execute the protection for the over heat or pressure for the cooling system.

3）声光Q开关系统 Acousto-optic Q-Switching System
声光Q开关系统由声光Q开关（简称Q头）及配套驱动电源（简称Q驱）两部分组成。其作用是利用声光衍射原理将连续的Nd：YAG激光调制成高峰值功率的脉冲激光。进口声光Q开关，锁光功率高，光损耗小，保证了激光系统长时间工作稳定性。
A acousto-optic Q-switching system is consisted of a Q-switch and a diver power source (short as Q diver). The function of this part mainly uses acousto-optic inflection to transform the continuous Nd: YAG laser into a large power pulse laser. The imported aoucsto-optic Q-switching has a better performance in locking the like, at the same time, a lower spoilage possibility.

4）计算机控制系统
    计算机控制系统包括计算机、D/A转换接口电路和打标控制软件。D/A转换接口电路将计算机发出的数字信号转换为模拟信号，驱动光学系统部件按照打标控制软件所设定的参数动作，发出脉冲激光，从而将所要标记的内容精确地刻蚀在加工物件表面。
我公司自主研发的打标控制软件以WINDOWS98为操作平台，全中文界面，可兼容AUTOCAD、CORELDRAW、PHOTOSHOP、CAXA等多种软件输出的文件，可进行条形码、二维码、图形文字等打标，支持PLT、PCX、DXF、BMP等文件格式，直接使用SHX、TTF字库，能够自动编码，打印序列号、批号、日期等。

A computer controlling system includes a PC, a D/A transferring interface circuit and marking software. The D/A interface circuit will transfer the digital signals from computer into analog signals to control the optical units. The unit will move according to the parameter set in the marking controlling program and set out impulse laser to sculpture the mark over the surface of the working piece accurately.
The marking software developed by our company uses Window 98 as the operating platform. We use Chinese interface and the soft ware is supportive for various document such as AUTOCAND, COREDRAW, PHOTOSHOP, CAXA, etc. It also can mark the bar code, two-dimension code and other graphic markings. It can  input PLT、PCX、DXF、BMP and SHX and TTF documents and set auto-coding for marking the order number, lot number as well as the production date.

5）光学系统 Optical Part
光学系统也正式每一系列打标记最核心的部分，正是由此获得激光用以加工。激光光学体统主要包括激光器、扩束镜、振镜扫描系统和聚焦透镜。
激光器输出的激光束照射在振镜扫描系统的一组反射镜片上，这两块可以偏转的镜片分别夹持在两个精密检流电机（振镜）上，当振镜受到计算机电压信号的驱动发生动作时，带动两反射镜片转动，从而实现激光束的偏转，偏转后的激光束照射在被加工物件上的不同位置，在物体表面形成预先设定的图形或文字。
The optical part is the essential one in a laser machine. We gain the laser for all types of processing. Here the optical part mainly consisted by the laser oscillator, extender lens, scanning system and focusing lens.
The laser beam from the oscillator will reach a pair of reflectors in the scanning system. These reflectors are hold by a pair of motor (scanning head). When the scanning head receives the pressure signal from the computer, it will turn the reflector to deflect the route of laser beam. Laser will then reach any needed part of the working piece and mark any graphics or letters according to design.
6）冷却系统 Cooling System
冷却方式可靠；控温精确。采用密封一体式冷却系统，水质保持性好；节能效果好。具有超温、欠流欠压报警及激光器保护功能。
水冷系统包括冷水机和外部制冷两部分。该系统向激光器和Q开关器提供恒温循环冷却水，在设定的温度范围内，控制线路控制空调制冷和向热交换器抽水，使工作水箱的水温恒温，从而使激光器工作。
The machine is equipped by a very reliable cooling system, which is able to control the temperature very precisely. The cooler applies the closed unified cooling system, which can maintain a better quality of the cooling water as well as low power consuming state. It has the alarm system for over temperature, low water level and low pressure and the protection for laser oscillator.
Water-cooling system includes a water circulator and the external chiller. This system provides continues circling cooling water for both the laser oscillator and the Q Switching. In order to keep a constant temperature for the laser device, the air-conditioner will draw water from heat exchanger.
7）工作台  Working Table
各系列打标机配有手动工作台，工作台高度与镜头的焦距相配合。通过转动手轮，可方便地调节工件加工平面，使其与镜头的焦距平面的高度一致，从而实现精确定位。
     Most of the laser markers are equipped with the manual-adjusted working tables. The height of the table can be adjusted to match the focal point of the lens. The position of the working piece can be adjusted easily to meet the focal point. This can locate the processing area in a very precise way.

3．光设备的主要参数 the Common Parameters
对于激光打标机，我们通常会使用到一下的一些常用参数
标刻范围  Marking Range
焦距      Focus
激光功率  Laser Power
激光频率  Frequency
激光波长  Laser Wave
定位精度  Placing Accuracy
重复定位精度 Repeat Accuracy
冷却系统     Cooling Type
电力需求     Power consumption
整机功率     Total Power
主机外形     demission of the machine
最大线速度   Max Liner Speed
最小字符     Min character size